Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice (1) Associated with circulating antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) are specific for antigens in…

Pertussis Toxin Enhances Th1 Responses by Stimulation of Dendritic Cells (1) chrome-extension://bomfdkbfpdhijjbeoicnfhjbdhncfhig/view-dm.html?mp=Zege0OA9 Pertussis toxin (PTX) is an exotoxin produced by Bordetella pertussis, which has adjuvant…

For recombinant protein production, E.coli is the most popular tool to transfect a vector.  It is very important to make stocks to keep the bacteria….

Hybridoma autoantibodies to erythrocytes from NZB mice and the induction of hemolytic anemia (1). New zealand black (NZB) mice spontaneously elicit autoantibodies to erythrocytes and…

IgM and IgA anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies induce anemia in a mouse model through multivalency-dependent hemagglutination but not through complement activation (1) Polymeric forms of 34-3C IgM…

In animal studies, antibody titers against antigens are often assayed to determine immune responses by treatments (1). Since the antibody titers highly depend on animal…

Mimicry and Antibody-Mediated Cell Signaling in Autoimmune Myocarditis (1) Anti-cardiac myosin (CM) antibodies cross-react to beta-adrenergic receptors (b-AR). Passive transfer of purified IgG from CM-immunized…

EVIDENCE FOR ANTIMUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ANTIBODY–MEDIATED SECRETORY DYSFUNCTION IN NOD MICE (1) In Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), autoantibodies recognize the intracellular nuclear proteins SSA/Ro and SSB/La,…

Sex-biased difference in autoimmune diseases (1) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly polymorphic systemic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs including kidneys and heart….

Animal Models for Autoimmune Myocarditis and Autoimmune Thyroiditis(1) Myosin purification Myosin can be purchased from many suppliers. However, preparation of myosin may be better to…

Identification of cardiac myosin peptides capable of inducing autoimmune myocarditis in BALB/c mice.(1) T-cell mediated myocarditis for an autoimmune heart disease can be induced by…

A sandwich ELISA is a useful assay to detect an analyte in samples. Generally, two antibodies such as polyclonal – monoclonal, polyclonal – polyclonal or…

Sex-biased difference in autoimmune diseases (1) Most autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women than in men.  Sex hormons have an important role in the…

To fold proteins containing disulfide bonds, we should consider the chemistry of the covalent bonds involved in cysteine thiol oxidation. The presence of heavy metals,…

Bacterial inclusion bodies are nightmare when we develop recombinant protein. The first step, which generally is used, is dispersing the inclusion bodies in a denaturant…

E.coli Culture Culture stock E.coli containing a plasmid. Add 1ml of the glycerol stock in 200 ml of fresh LB/kanamycin medium. This vector is pUC…

Serological antibody ELISAs are useful to evaluate humoral immune response. Especially, in autoimmune disease patients and animal models, the assays allow to identify or detect…